An Overview of Culture to teach EFL through Using Folk Literature: A Sample Case of Nasreddin Hodja

Folk literature consists of cultural input which is an integrated part of L2 teaching. Traditional literature provides many advantages such as those L2 learners will be better motivated to read cultural familiar stories, and that instructors will better focus on already known vocabulary and cultural implications in the first language (L1). In this perspective, traditional Turkish literature in the stories of Nasreddin Hodja, a ubiquitous cultural figure whose anecdotes are invoked with remarkable frequency by authors, speakers, and people-in-the street alike, has been selected to illustrate how to adjust the cultural requirements of EFL students at various levels Keywords: Cultural awareness, traditional Nasreddin Hodja’s stories; folk literature; skills developmen

The Importance of Language, Memory and Bilingualism in Language Acquisition

The process of learning to speak (language) is one of the most important things of early childhood. Within some months, children move from saying single words to longer sentences and from a small vocabulary to one that grows by six new words per day. Language is our main, principal mean of communication. Language tools mean a lot, new opportunities for social understanding, for learning about the world, and for sharing experiences, needs and pleasures. On the other hand, in order to understand how we learn, it is first necessary to understand something about how do we think. Without a good memory language learning would simply be impossible and as a result humans development as well. Memory is undoubtedly one of the most important concepts in remembering things, in learning, because, simply, if things are not remembered, learning cannot take place. Keywords: memory, bilingualism, language acquisition, L1, and L2

Reflections of Cultural Memory in the Island of Disputes: Reading Durrell’s Bitter Lemons of Cyprus

The clean reading of Durrell’s Aegean travelogues favors the elaboration of memories of travels, a proper circumstance of getting involved in the cultural milieu of the island of Cyprus. Lawrence Durrell’s travel book Bitter Lemons of Cyprus (1957), which is based on his three-year stay on the island, a sojourn which coincided with the enosis crisis along with value, personal and cultural conflicts shows how representations of cultural and political conflicts are inextricably linked to representation of modern oriental thought. He sees the clashes of tension in living styles of bi-polar society, characters and British politics even though he claims to keep away from British politics. Island’s cultural ideology of ‘melting pot’ has been replaced by bi-culturalism in the recent decades.  The novel is an embodiment of cultural identities in cleavages surviving for recognition which also demonstrates a need for the construction of an egalitarian bi-communal society. The novel is told of in various perspectives of ethnicities that are used as tools for cultural integration, preservation of identity and culture by the images of prominent figures from respective ethnicities. These perspectives formed mainly under Durrell’s orientalist viewpoint fill the novel through the cultural memory construed writer’s sovereign Western consciousness out of whose unchallenged centrality on Oriental perspective emerged. Durrell filters his experiences through cultural memory after the return to England. Thus, in this paper cultural memory as Durrell reflects on a tri-partite basis will be analyzed in terms of conflicts, stereotypes, identity crisis, clashes and hopes for negotiations.</p

Poesía y géneros editoriales entre dos siglos

La poésie imprimée à partir de 1650 présente des caractéristiques éditoriales relativement uniformes. Il convient d’en souligner deux principalement : la symbiose avec le marché du livre de petit format et l’abandon du modèle traditionnel de livre de poésie.After 1650, the printing of poetry reveals quite homogeneous editorial features, two of which should be specially underscored, namely: its symbiotic relationship with the chapbook market, and its tendency towards the undoing of the traditional model of poetry book.La poesía impresa a partir de 1650 presenta características editoriales bastante uniformes, de las que creo que conviene subrayar, sobre todo, dos: la simbiosis con el mercado del libro breve, de un lado; y, de otro, la difuminación del modelo previo de libro de poemas